Systems Thinking, Systems Practice
Peter Checkland
This book argues that whereas the scientific method is suitable for studying natural and engineered systems, it is not suitable for studying social systems. Systems Thinking, Systems Practice maintains that once natural systems are manifest, they cannot be other than what they are. Social systems, by contrast, can be manifest only as perceptions by human actors who are free to attribute meaning to what they perceive. As a result, there can never be a single testable account of a social system. There can only be a set of possible accounts according to a particular Weltanschauung. Finally, the book offers a technique for studying soft systems and tackling ill-defined problems which pervade the realm of human affairs.
Categories:
Year:
1981
Edition:
1
Publisher:
John Wiley and Son
Language:
english
Pages:
330
ISBN 10:
0471279110
ISBN 13:
9780471279112
File:
PDF, 49.79 MB
IPFS:
,
english, 1981